In the United States, there is one federal supermax prison and several state-operated supermax prisons.
Here’s a detailed breakdown…
Federal Supermax Prison
- ADX Florence (Administrative Maximum Facility)
- Location – Florence, Colorado
- Description – ADX Florence is the most well-known supermax prison in the United States. It is designed to house the most dangerous and high-profile inmates, including those who pose significant security risks.
State Supermax Prisons
Several states operate their own supermax facilities or units within larger prisons. Here are some examples:
- California
- Pelican Bay State Prison – The Security Housing Unit (SHU) is often considered a supermax facility within the prison.
- Ohio
- Ohio State Penitentiary – This facility includes a supermax unit designed to house the most dangerous inmates.
- Virginia
- Red Onion State Prison – A supermax prison known for housing the most violent and disruptive inmates in the state.
- Illinois
- Tamms Correctional Center – Previously operated as a supermax prison but was closed in 2013 due to budget cuts and concerns over human rights.
- Colorado
- Colorado State Penitentiary – Houses high-risk inmates in its Administrative Segregation Unit, often considered a supermax facility.
- Wisconsin
- Wisconsin Secure Program Facility – Known as a supermax prison within the state correctional system.
- Arizona
- Arizona State Prison Complex – Eyman – Features a supermax unit called the Special Management Unit (SMU).
Key Points About Supermax Prisons
- Purpose – Supermax prisons are designed to house the most dangerous, violent, and disruptive inmates who require the highest level of security and isolation.
- Conditions – Inmates in supermax facilities typically spend 23 hours a day in solitary confinement with minimal human interaction and strict control measures.
- Criticism – These prisons have faced criticism for their harsh conditions and potential negative impacts on inmates’ mental health.
While ADX Florence is the most notable federal supermax prison, several states operate their own supermax facilities or units. These prisons play a specific role in managing the most challenging and dangerous inmates within the U.S. correctional system.
